Cot fastening system

ABSTRACT

A cot fastening system for fastening a cot to an emergency vehicle includes a frame configured for mounting to the floor of an emergency vehicle, which has a longitudinal axis and a cot loading direction along the longitudinal axis. The system includes a first restraint assembly for coupling to a first cot attachment of the cot, which is mounted to the frame. The system further includes a second restraint assembly for coupling to a second cot attachment, which is also mounted to the frame. The system further includes a spring, such as a coil spring, for biasing the cot in a direction opposed from the loading direction of the frame to thereby apply a pre-load on at least one of said restraint assemblies.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/290,004 (P-486A), filed on Oct. 11, 2016, by inventor Brandon DavidNaber et al., entitled COT FASTENING SYSTEM, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/245,563 (P-486), filed onOct. 23, 2015, by inventor Brandon David Naber et al., entitled COTFASTENING SYSTEM, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a fastening system for securing apatient support in an emergency vehicle and, more particularly, forsecuring a cot to the floor of an emergency vehicle.

Current fastening systems for securing a cot in an emergency vehicleinclude floor mounts, often referred to as “antler” anchors, tilt trays,and movable loading arms. Floor mounts are tubular structures configuredfor engagement by a head end cot attachment of a cot and are anchored tothe floor of the emergency vehicle. Floor mounts are typically mountedinward of the opening of the emergency vehicle, near the rear of theemergency vehicle compartment.

Tilt trays include a base or track upon which a tiltable tray is movablymounted for movement between a first position within the emergencyvehicle compartment and an extended loading or unloading position, witha portion of the tray extended outwardly from the rear opening of theemergency vehicle.

Cot fastening systems with movable loading arms typically include atrack upon which loading arms are movably mounted, also for movementbetween a first position within the emergency vehicle compartment and anextended loading or unloading position, with at least a portion of theloading arms extended outwardly from the rear opening of the emergencyvehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a cotfastening system for fastening a cot in an emergency vehicle. The systemincludes a frame configured for mounting to a floor of an emergencyvehicle, a first restraint assembly, and a second restraint assembly.The first restraint assembly is for coupling to a foot end cotattachment of a cot and is mounted to the frame. The second restraintassembly is for coupling to a head end cot attachment of a cot and isalso mounted to the frame. The frame includes a first section and asecond section, with the first section having a first width less thanthe spacing between the load wheels to allow the cot to straddle theframe. The second section extends from the first section and divergesaway from the longitudinal axis of the frame to a second width. Thesecond width is greater than the first width but less than the spacingbetween the load wheels so that the second section of the frame forms aguide for guiding the load wheels of the cot when the head end cotattachment has passed the first restraint assembly and is at or near thesecond restraint assembly to thereby guide the head end cot attachmentinto alignment with the second restraint assembly.

In one embodiment, the cot fastening system further includes a firstmount and a second mount. The first mount mounts the first restraintassembly to the frame. The second mount mounts the second restraintassembly to the frame, with the frame extending between the first andsecond mounts.

In another embodiment, the second restraint assembly includes a catchand a second mount guide surface for guiding the head end cot attachmentinto alignment with the catch of the second restraint assembly.

In yet another embodiment, the first section and the second section eachinclude a first end and a second end. The first restraint assembly islocated at or near the first end of the first section. The second end ofthe first section abuts the first end of the second section, and thesecond mount guide surface is located between the first end and thesecond end of the first section adjacent to the second end of the firstsection.

According to yet another embodiment, the second section of the frameincludes a pair of diverging sides, a pair of parallel sides definingthe second width, and transition sections between each of the divergingsides and the parallel sides. The transition sections are spaced adistance from the second mount guide surface less than the distancebetween the load wheels and the head end cot attachment wherein the loadwheels are first guided by the diverging sides of the second section ofthe frame to align with the second restraint assembly followed by thehead end attachment being guided by the second mount guide surface toalign with the catch of the second restraint assembly.

In another embodiment, the first mount is located at the first end ofthe first section. In a further embodiment, the first restraint assemblyincludes a latch, with the second mount guide surface for guiding thefoot end cot attachment into alignment with the first restraintassembly. The first mount includes a first mount guide surface forguiding the foot end cot attachment into alignment with the latch of thefirst restraint assembly.

In yet another embodiment, the cot fastening system further includes aguide member extending between the first and second mounts for guiding asafety bar of the cot and for maintaining the safety bar in anon-deployed position while the cot is moved along the frame.

For example, the guide member may be formed by a channel memberextending between the first and second mounts.

In yet another embodiment, the second mount is at least partiallylocated in the first section of the frame.

In another embodiment, the frame is formed by a pair of elongatedmembers. A first portion of the elongated members is parallel and formsthe first section of the frame, and a second portion of the elongatedmembers forms an obtuse angle there between to form the second sectionof the frame.

For example, the elongated members may include channel members.

In one embodiment, the first restraint assembly includes a pair ofspring biased arms for engaging the foot end cot attachment.

In another embodiment, each of the arms is pivotally mounted about avertical axis, which is generally orthogonal to the cot loadingdirection of the cot fastening system.

According to yet another embodiment, the cot fastening system includes aspring for biasing the cot in a direction opposed to the cot loadingdirection.

In yet another embodiment, the second restraint assembly includes thespring.

According to another embodiment, a cot fastening system for fastening acot includes a frame configured for mounting to a floor of an emergencyvehicle, a first restraint assembly, and a second restraint assembly.The first restraint assembly is for coupling to a first cot attachmentof a cot and is mounted to the frame. The second restraint assembly isfor coupling to a second cot attachment of the cot and is also mountedto the frame. The system further includes a spring for biasing the cotin a direction opposed from the cot loading direction to thereby apply apreload on at least one of the restraint assemblies.

In one embodiment, the first restraint assembly includes a foot endlatch, with the spring biasing the first cot attachment to apply apre-load on the first restraint assembly.

In another embodiment, the second restraint assembly includes thespring.

In a further embodiment, the first restraint assembly includes a pair ofspring biased arms for engaging the first cot attachment. For example,each of the arms may be pivotally mounted about a vertical axis.

According to yet another embodiment, a cot fastening system forfastening a cot includes a frame configured for mounting to a floor ofan emergency vehicle and a restraint assembly for coupling to a cotattachment. The restraint assembly is mounted to the frame and includesa pair of opposed arms. Each arm includes a first end and a second end.Each of the first ends of the arms is pivotally mounted about a pivotaxis. Each of the second ends includes a hook for engaging the cotattachment. The arms are configured to prohibit the cot attachment frombeing released when the cot attachment applies a compression force onthe hooks.

In one embodiment, the arms are biased toward each other by springs.

In another embodiment, each of the second ends of the arms is pivotallymounted about a pivot axis vertical relative to the frame. Further, eachhook provides a bearing surface that is aligned with and orthogonal tothe pivot axis of the respective arm so that normal pressure applied tothe bearing surfaces of the hooks by the cot attachment will limitpivotal motion of the arms about their pivot axes.

In yet another embodiment, the system further includes a secondrestraint assembly for engaging a second cot attachment.

In yet a further embodiment, the cot fastening system includes a cotloading direction and a spring for biasing one of the cot attachmentstoward the first restraint assembly or the second restraint assembly ina direction opposed from the cot loading direction.

In one embodiment, the spring is for biasing the first cot attachmenttoward the first restraint assembly. Optionally, the second restraintassembly includes the spring, and optionally includes a second springfor biasing the first cot attachment toward the first restraint assemblyin a direction opposed from the cot loading direction.

According to yet another embodiment, a cot fastening system forfastening a cot includes a frame configured for mounting to a floor ofan emergency vehicle, a first restraint assembly for coupling to a footend cot attachment of the cot, and a second restraint assembly forcoupling to a head end cot attachment. The first restraint assembly andthe second restraint assembly are mounted to the frame. The systemfurther includes a guide member that extends along the longitudinal axisof the frame for guiding a cot safety bar of a cot and for maintainingthe cot safety bar in a non-deployed position while the cot moves alongat least a portion of the frame.

In one embodiment, the cot fastening system includes a channel memberextending along the longitudinal axis, with the channel member formingthe guide member.

In another embodiment, the cot fastening system further includes a firstmount mounting the first restraint assembly to the frame and a secondmount mounting the second restraint assembly to the frame. The guidemember extends between the first and second mounts.

In yet another embodiment, the guide member extends beyond the secondmount, with the guide member maintaining the safety bar in anon-deployed position while the head end of the cot moves past thesecond mount.

In a further embodiment, the guide member includes a second channelmember.

In one embodiment, the guide member forms part of a cage, which is sizedto receive an antler anchoring assembly therein.

In another embodiment, the frame is formed by a pair of elongatedmembers. First portions of the elongated members are parallel, andsecond portions of the elongated members form an obtuse angle therebetween to form a guide section for guiding the cot and the head endattachment of the cot into alignment with the second restraint assembly.

In yet another embodiment, the cot fastening system further includes aspring for biasing the cot in a direction opposed from the cot loadingdirection, which biasing urges one of the cot attachments intoengagement with a respective restraint assembly to thereby apply apreload on the respective restraint assembly.

In one embodiment, the second restraint assembly includes the spring.

According to another embodiment, a cot fastening system for fastening acot includes an anchor assembly for mounting to a floor plate of a floorof an emergency vehicle. The floor plate has a channel with a pluralityof anchor positions there along, and a quick release fastener foranchoring the anchor assembly to the floor plate. The quick releasefastener extends through a portion of the anchor assembly and into thechannel of the floor plate. The quick release fastener includes a knobassembly and a nut, with the knob assembly operable to rotate the nutfrom a first insertion orientation, wherein the nut can be inserted intothe floor plate and the channel, to an engagement orientation whereinthe nut is captured in the channel. The knob assembly is furtheroperable to tighten the nut in the engagement orientation to therebyanchor the anchoring assembly to the floor plate.

In one embodiment, the knob assembly includes a threaded shaft extendinginto the nut.

In another embodiment, the nut includes a top side, a bottom side, andtwo opposed planar sides extending between the top and bottom sides.

In yet another embodiment, the nut further includes a pair of opposednon-planar sides extending between the two opposed planar sides andbetween the top and bottom sides, which are non-planar wherein the nutis asymmetrical.

In one aspect, the opposed non-planar sides may have planar portions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cot fastening system;

FIG. 2 is a left side elevation view of the fastening system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a right side elevation view of the cot fastening system ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the cot fastening system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the cot fastening system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the framework of the fasteningsystem of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a similar view to FIG. 4 illustrating the location of cot loadwheels of a cot relative to the cot fastening system;

FIG. 8 is a similar view FIG. 7 illustrating the cot load wheels of thecot when the cot is partially loaded into the emergency vehicle;

FIG. 9 is a similar view to FIG. 7 illustrating the cot load wheels in afully loaded position;

FIG. 10 is a side elevation view of a cot fastening system illustratingthe profile of the fastening system and the position of a safety bar ofa cot relative to the cot fastening system profile;

FIG. 11 is a similar view to FIG. 10 illustrating the safety bar beingguided by the cot fasting system when the cot is in a partially loadedposition;

FIG. 12 is a similar view to FIG. 11 illustrating the orientation of thesafety bar when the cot is fully loaded into the emergency vehicle;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary bottom view of a foot end restraintassembly;

FIG. 14 is a similar view to FIG. 13 illustrating the restraint assemblyof FIG. 13 engaged with a foot end cot attachment;

FIG. 14A is an enlarged detail view illustrating the engagement betweenthe foot end cot attachment and the latch of the restraint assembly FIG.14;

FIG. 14B is an enlarged view of the button release for the latch ofFIGS. 13 and 14;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged bottom view of a head end restraint assemblyillustrating a head end cot attachment aligned in the restraintassembly;

FIG. 16 is a similar view to FIG. 15 illustrating the head end cotattachment engaged with the restraint assembly;

FIG. 17 is a plan view of an anchor assembly fastening system;

FIG. 18 is a similar view to FIG. 17 with the floor plate removed;

FIG. 18A is a perspective view of the anchor assembly fastening systemof FIGS. 17 and 18 shown mounted adjacent the cot fastening system ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged perspective view of a quick lock fastener of thefastening system of FIGS. 17 and 18;

FIG. 19A is a cross-section view taken through the quick lock fastener aFIG. 19 when mounted in the floor plate;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of the quick lock fastenerwhen inserted into the floor plate with the nut in an insertionorientation;

FIG. 21 is a similar view to FIG. 20 illustrating the nut rotated toengage the floor plate channel;

FIG. 22 is a similar view to FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrating the nutrotated to the locked orientation in the floor plate channel;

FIG. 23 is an enlarged perspective view of the foot end weldmentincorporating two bolt holders;

FIG. 24 is an enlarged cross-section view taken along line XXIV-XXIV ofFIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the bolt holders shownin FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the lower side of the bolt holder ofFIG. 25; and

FIG. 27 is a bottom plan view (slightly skewed) of the bolt holder ofFIG. 25.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, the numeral 10 generally designates a cot fasteningsystem for mounting to the floor, such as to a floor plate mounted inthe floor, of a compartment of an emergency vehicle. As will be morefully described below, in one embodiment, cot fastening system 10 isconfigured to allow an emergency cot to be inserted into the compartmentof the emergency vehicle without the need for the cot to be preciselyaligned with the fastening system 10, but which then precisely alignsthe cot as the cot is pushed along fastening system 10 into thecompartment so that the cot can be securely fastened in the compartmentof the emergency vehicle. For examples of suitable cots that may be usedwith cot fastening system 10, reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos.6,908,133; 7,398,571; and 7,540,047, which are commonly owned by StrykerCorporation of Kalamazoo, Mich., and are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

Referring again to FIG. 1, cot fastening system 10 includes a frame 12,a first restraint assembly 14, which forms a foot-end restraintassembly, and a second restraint assembly 16, which forms a head-endrestraint assembly, which are spaced along a longitudinal axis 12 a(FIG. 7) of frame 12 and mounted to frame 12 to engage respectivefoot-end attachments and head-end attachments on a cot. Frame 12 ismounted to the floor of the emergency vehicle via fasteners that extendthrough weldments (described below) into the floor of the emergencyvehicle, for example, optionally through a floor plate 18 (FIG. 17)mounted in the floor, described more fully below. First restraintassembly 14 and second restraint assembly 16 are configured to engagefoot end and head end cot attachments (more fully described below inreference to FIGS. 13-16), respectively, of a cot to secure the cot toframe 12 when the cot is fully loaded in the loading direction ontoframe 12. The loading direction of a cot onto cot fastening system 10 isindicated by the arrow in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIGS. 7-9, frame 12 includes a first section 20 and asecond section 22, which cooperate to guide the cot into the compartmentof the emergency vehicle so that the respective cot attachments alignwith the respective restraint assemblies after the cot is already atleast partially inserted into the emergency vehicle compartment.However, when the cot is first inserted into the compartment of theemergency vehicle, the first section 20 of frame 12 is configured sothat the cot can straddle frame 12 but not necessarily be preciselyaligned with the frame or any of the restraint assemblies. Thisfacilitates the loading of a cot onto the fastening system.

Referring again to FIGS. 7-9, first section 20 of frame 12 has a widthW1 which is less than the spacing S between the cot load wheels (LW) ofthe cot. Further, as will more fully described in reference to FIGS.10-12, frame 12 has a height H that is less than the height of theunderside of the cot deck so that when a cot is pushed into theemergency vehicle compartment in the loading direction, the cot canstraddle frame 12. Thus, as understood from above, when a cot is firstinserted into the compartment of the emergency vehicle and straddlesframe 12, the cot need not be accurately aligned with the frame orrestraint assemblies so that the location of the cot load wheels may bevaried. This “course” alignment facilitates loading of the cot into theemergency vehicle and reduces the strain on emergency medical personnelwho have to carry the weight of cot while it is being inserted into theemergency vehicle.

Referring again to FIGS. 7-9, second section 22 of frame 12, whichextends from first section 20, expands or diverges away from thelongitudinal axis 12 a of frame 12 to a second width W2, which isgreater than the first width W1. Second width W2 is approximately equalto, but optionally slightly less than, the spacing between the cot loadwheels to form a guide for the cot load wheels as the cot is pushedfurther into the compartment in the loading direction. In this manner,frame 12 is configured to receive the cot and requires the cot only tostraddle the frame initially, and then is configured to provide ageneral alignment of the cot with the restraint assemblies. As will bedescribed below again in reference to FIGS. 7-9, the precise alignmentof the cot attachments with the restraint assemblies is achieved byguide surfaces provided on the restraint assembly mounts.

As best seen in FIG. 1, each restraint assembly 14, 16 includes a mount24, 26. Mount 24 includes a body 28 that is mounted to frame 12 andcomprises a generally block shaped housing that houses a latch 30.Further, as best seen in FIG. 4, body 28 is configured with angledsurfaces 32 on either side of latch 30 to form a generally V-shapedarrangement of guide surfaces, which guide the foot end cot attachmentinto latch 30 of restraint assembly 14. Similarly, mount 26 includes abody 34 (FIG. 1) that is mounted to frame 12 and comprises a generallyblock shaped housing that houses a catch 36 and also provides angledsurfaces 38 on either side of catch 36 to form a generally V-shapedarrangement of guide surfaces, which guide the head end cot attachmentinto catch 36. Further, guide surfaces 38 are spaced from catch 36 by achannel 38 a to allow head end cot attachment to continue to move in theloading direction after being precisely aligned with catch 36, whichfacilitates alignment of foot end attachment with latch 30.

The locations of the mounts and their guide surfaces to the frame areselected so that the angled guide surfaces provide relatively precisealignment of the respective cot attachments with the respective latchand catch of restraint assemblies. In this manner, the frame provides a“course” alignment of the cot, while the mounts provide precisealignment of the cot with the respective catch and latch of therestraint assemblies.

Referring again to FIGS. 7-9, when the cot load wheels are placed on thefloor F of the emergency vehicle and are positioned so they straddleframe 12, the location of frame 12 may be anywhere between the two loadwheels. As the cot and load wheels are pushed further into thecompartment, one of the load wheels will encounter second section 22 topull the cot over and generally align the cot with frame 12 and,moreover, with first and second restraint assemblies 14 and 16 as theload wheels are pushed beyond the diverging sides of second section 22adjacent the parallel sides of second section 22.

As best seen in FIG. 8, when the cot is almost fully inserted into thecompartment and the load wheels have been guided past the divergingportion of second section 22 (so that the load wheels straddle theparallel sides of second section 22) which has a constant width, namely,width W2), the head end cot attachment 40 will be aligned with restraintassembly 16. As the cot is pushed further into the compartment, head endcot attachment 40 is then guided by angled surfaces 38 of mount 26 intochannel 38 a to precisely align with catch 36 of second restraintassembly 16.

In addition, the angle surfaces 38 of mount 26 together with frame 12provide a general or “course” alignment for the foot end cot attachment42 with respect to restraint assembly 14. As the load wheels move towardthe head end of frame 12, and head end attachment enters restraintassembly 16 between guide surfaces 38 under the guidance of frame 12,foot end attachment 42 is aligned with restraint assembly 14. As notedabove, mount 24 of first restraint assembly 14 also includes angledsurfaces 32, which then provide a precise alignment for foot end cotattachment 42 with the latch 30 of first restraint assembly 14 as thecot moves further into the compartment along frame 12.

Referring to FIGS. 13, 14, and 14A, latch 30 includes a latch housing 46and pair of arms 48, which are pivotally mounted about their first ends48 a in housing 46 about pivot axes 50 and are spring biased toward eachother to a latched position (FIGS. 13 and 14) by a pair of springs 50 a(FIG. 14). As will be more fully described below, latch 30 is configuredto not release (i.e. when an operator actuates the release button 60described below) when a pressure is applied in the unloading direction(e.g. from the weight of the cot).

Pivot axes 50 (FIGS. 13 and 14) are generally orthogonal to the loadingdirection so that arms 48 pivot in a plane that is generally parallel tothe loading direction. Thus, pivot axes 50 are substantially verticalwhen frame 12 is mounted in the emergency vehicle, and the vehicle issubstantially on a horizontal surface. Each arm 48 includes a second,hooked end 52, which forms a cam surface 54 on its outer end. In thismanner, when foot end cot attachment 42 is pushed into latch 30, footend cot attachment 42 will apply a force on cam surfaces 54, which willseparate arms 48 against the bias force of the springs and allow footend cot attachment 42 to pass between arms 48 and pass by the hookedends of arms 48. Once attachment 42 has passed between arms 48 andpassed by the hooked ends 52 of arms 48, arms 48 will return to theirlatched position, to thereby trap foot end cot attachment 42 in latch30.

Additionally, hooked ends 52 of arms 48 are configured to keep the footend attachment from being released when the hooked ends are contacted byor under pressure (indicated by the arrow in FIG. 14A) from attachment42. In the illustrated embodiment, the arms' geometry will not allow thecot to be released when the cot attachment is contacting the hooked endsof arms 48. For example, as best seen in FIG. 14A, the arms are shapedso that when they are pivoted, the hooked ends move in the pathindicated by the dotted lines in FIG. 14A. As such when attachment 42 iscontacting hooked ends 52, the attachment 42 will interfere and blockarms 48 from pivoting. Therefore, no matter how much release force isapplied (other than a force that would break the latch, as would beunderstood), the arms of the latch will not release the cot attachment.Accordingly, when the cot is to be removed from the emergency vehicle,the cot must be pushed in the loading direction to unload the latch armsand move the cot attachment out of the path of the latch arms in orderto release the latch. As will be more fully described below, by pushingthe cot in the loading direction against the biasing force of springs 70of restraint assembly 16, which urge cot attachment 42 into engagementwith latch 30, springs 70 will be compressed to allow attachment 42 todisengage from and move away from the latch arms of latch 30, as notedabove, so that latch 30 can then be released by the release mechanism.

A secondary factor that keeps latch 30 from unlatching when the foot endattachment 42 applies pressure to the hooked ends 52 is the frictionbetween the attachment 42 and the hooked ends of the arms of the latch.When attachment 42 bears against the hooked ends of the arms, thepressure generates friction forces between attachment 42 and hooked ends52 that will oppose a release force, which is generated by the releasemechanism described below. Thus, when the hooked ends 52 of arms 48 areunder pressure, the force to release the arms will be greater than whenthe arms are unloaded.

To prevent damage to the release mechanism, the release button may beconfigured to limit the amount of release force that can be applied tothe latch. In the illustrated embodiment, the release mechanism isconfigured to prevent a release force from being applied to the latcharms that exceeds a selected threshold to prevent damage to the releasemechanism. For example, the threshold may be a very low threshold offorce applied to the latch arms, such as any force above zero, or may bea high threshold that is commensurate with the full weight of the cotbearing on the two latch arms, or somewhere in between.

Referring to FIG. 14B, as described above, to release restraint assembly14, cot fastening system 10 includes a release mechanism, such as arelease button 60. Release button 60 is mounted at or near the first endof frame 12 (see FIG. 4), and optionally slidably mounted adjacent mount24 in a foot end housing 24 a, which abuts mount 24 and ends 20 a offirst section 20 of frame 12.

Release button 60 is coupled to arms 48 of latch 30 by a linkage 62,which is configured to pivot arms 48 about their respective pivot axesaway from their latched positions when button 60 is pushed. In order tolimit the load that can be applied to the release mechanism (for examplewhen the foot end cot attachment is applying pressure to the hooked endsof arms 48 so the latch won't release) button 60 is coupled to linkage62 by way of an overload spring 64. In this manner, when a user pushesthe release button 60 and the hooked ends 52 of arms 48 are contactingthe foot end cot attachment (e.g. when the foot end cot attachment isapplying pressure to the arms of the latch or when the foot end cotattachment is simply in contact with the hooked ends of the arms of thelatch without applying pressure), the overload spring will compress,which limits the load that can be applied to the release mechanism, andthe latch won't release. When the pressure on the latch arms of latch 30is released and the attachment no longer blocks the arms of the latchfrom being released, the spring 64 will transmit a release force fromthe button 60 to the linkage 62 to thereby allow the latch arms to bemoved to their unlatched position. This protects the release mechanismfrom being overloaded, for example, when an attendant tries to releasethe latch when the attachment 42 blocks the arms of the latch fromreleasing.

In one embodiment, cot fastening system 10 includes one or more dampersto dampen the impact load from the cot when it is docked on thefastening system. Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, cot fastening system 10may include one or more dampers, for example, in the form of springs 70,as noted, to dampen the impact load of when the cot is docked andengaged with the restraint assemblies. Springs 70 provide a tighter fitbetween the cot and one or more of the respective restraint assemblies.For example, as noted above, springs 70 bias the cot attachment 42toward the hooked ends of the latch arms of latch 30 to assure the cotis engaged by latch 30 when the cot is loaded onto frame 12 and,further, will not be unintentionally released, for example, if therelease button is inadvertently pressed. Optionally, springs 70 may alsobe sized to absorb energy in a crash.

In the illustrated embodiment, springs 70 are incorporated in head endrestraint assembly 16. As best seen in FIGS. 15 and 16, restraintassembly 16 includes a catch 36. Catch 36 includes a housing 72, whichsupports a plate 76 with a slotted opening 78 into which the head endcot attachment extends. In the illustrated embodiment, which is viewedfrom the bottom of catch 36 in FIGS. 15 and 16, head end cot attachment40 (FIGS. 8 and 9) comprises a post 40 a, which is smaller butcommensurate in size with the slotted opening, and an enlarged end 40 b(FIGS. 15 and 16) that is larger than slotted opening 78. For example,enlarged end 40 b may comprise a disk. In this manner, when post 40 a ispushed into slotted opening, attachment 40 is retained therein byenlarged end 40 b, which rides along plate 76. Thus, plate 76 provides avertical restraint for head end cot attachment 40 in restraint assembly16 when attachment 40 is moved into slotted opening 78. In addition,when post 40 a of head end cot attachment 40 is extended into opening78, it is laterally coupled therein (in a direction orthogonal to theloading direction) by plate 76 and, further, as noted above verticallycoupled therein by enlarged end 40 b. Additionally, friction betweenenlarged end 40 b and plate 76 may provide limited restraint along thecot loading direction. Thus, head end restraint assembly 16 forms apassive restraint.

Referring again to FIGS. 15 and 16, when head end cot attachment 40enters restraint assembly 16, enlarged end 40 b engages a second catch80, which is coupled to springs 70. In the illustrated embodiment, catch80 includes a seat 82 for receiving enlarged end 40 b and a pair of arms84 that are coupled to springs 70. Arms 84 are generally L-shaped withflanges 84 a at their distal ends that are coupled to the ends ofsprings 70 so that when cot attachment 40 presses on seat 82, arms 84will compress springs 70. As springs 70 compress, a load is generated onthe cot in a direction opposed from the cot loading direction. This loadis also applied to cot attachments 40 and 42, which provides a tight fitbetween cot attachment 42 and arms 48 of latch 30, and further creates apre-load on latch 30 to, as noted, to prevent latch 30 from beingreleased while the cot is applying pressure on latch 30. Further,springs 70 absorb at least some of the impact load generated by the cotwhen it is loaded on to frame and pushed into restraint 16.Additionally, springs 70 may be sized to absorb energy in a crash. Itshould be understood that the location and type of springs 70 may bevaried, and include for example, torsion springs, extension springs, orleaf springs to achieve similar effect as discussed above.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, cot fastening system 10includes a stationary frame 12 and one or more restraint assemblies,such as restraint assembly 14 and restraint assembly 16 described above,and one or more guides 81 for guiding the cot safety bar along the frameand maintaining a cot safety bar 90 (described below) in an un-deployedposition so that it does not bind when the cot is being loaded onto orunloaded from the stationary frame.

Safety bars are devices that are used to prevent a cot from beinguncontrollably deployed from a compartment of an emergency vehicle.Safety bars are formed by a bar, typically a U-shaped bar, which ispivotally mounted to the underside of the cot deck for movement betweenstowed positions, where the bar is folded under the cot deck, to adeployed position where it is extended from the cot deck to a positionwhere it can engage a safety stop. However, when being loaded into theemergency vehicle compartment, or when being unloaded over frame 12, itis desirable to maintain the safety bar in a non-deployed position untilsuch time that the safety bar's deployment is needed, i.e., when the cotis unloaded from fastening system 10 but still has wheels engaged withthe floor of the emergency vehicle compartment.

As best seen in FIGS. 10-12, system 10 has a profile P that issufficiently low enough to allow a cot to straddle frame 12 but providesa guide 81 that is sufficiently high enough to apply an upward force onthe safety bar 90 to maintain it in a non-deployed position while a cotis moved along frame 12.

In the illustrated embodiment, guide 81 includes a first guide member 80a that is provided between first restraint assembly 14 and secondrestraint assembly 16. For example, guide member 80 a may comprise aninverted channel 82 that extends between and is coupled at itsrespective ends to mounts 24 and 26. Further, guide member 80 a mayinclude a low friction surface, such as a plastic cover 82 a or thelike, to reduce the friction between the safety bar 90 and guide member80 a. Optionally, guide member 80 a may extend beyond head end restraintassembly, for example, through mount 26 to the head end of frame 12 toform a guide beyond restraint assembly 16. Alternately, as shown, system10 may include a second guide member 80 b that extends from secondrestraint assembly mount 26 to the head end of frame. The second guidemember may also be formed from an inverted channel 82′ with a plasticcover 82 a′ (e.g. FIGS. 1 and 5).

Thus, as best seen in FIG. 10, starting with the foot end of frame 12,safety bar 90 initially encounters foot end housing 24 a, which has aheight H1, which is less than the height H of the cot deck, butsufficiently high enough to maintain safety bar 90 from extending to itsdeployed position, i.e., from pivoting to an orthogonal orientationrelation to the cot deck.

As the head end of the cot is pushed into the compartment, safety bar 90will next encounter mount 24, which has a height H2, which is less thanH, but greater than H1 and also, therefore, sufficiently high enough tomaintain safety bar 90 in a non-deployed position. As the cot is pushedfurther over frame 12, safety bar 90 will then encounter guide member 80a, then mount 26, and then finally second guide member 80 b (or theextension of guide member 80 a), each with a height H3, H4, and H5,respectively, that is less than H but high enough to maintain safety bar90 in a non-deployed position. Further, as best seen in FIG. 10, the topsurface of guide member 80 a may be generally aligned or coplanar withthe top surface of mount 24. Similarly, the top surface of guide member80 b may be aligned with or coplanar with the top surface of mount 26.

Optionally, frame 12 may be mounted to a floor plate (such as describedin reference to FIGS. 17-22), with the floor plate incorporating asafety stop for engagement by safety bar 90 when the cot is unloadedfrom frame 12.

Referring again to FIG. 1, optionally, in one embodiment, frame 12 andguide member 80 b (or extension of member 80 a) form a cage 92 formounting over an antler anchoring assembly 95 (FIG. 1). For example, inthe illustrated embodiment, cage 92 is formed by guide member 80 b andsecond section 22 of frame 12, which are joined by an end support 96.Together, guide member 80 b, second section 22, and end support 96 forman open frame or cage that is sized to straddle and extend over antleranchoring assembly 95. In this manner, system 10 may be used incombination with an anchoring assembly, such as an antler anchoringassembly, but without necessarily being joined with or coupled to theantler anchoring assembly, and instead with each being independentlymounted to the floor of an emergency vehicle. Optionally, system 10 andantler anchoring assembly 95 may be both commonly mounted to the floorvia a floor plate, such as the floor plate shown and described inreference to FIGS. 17-22 below.

Many of the components of system 10 may be formed from metal or plasticor a combination of both. Referring to FIG. 6, frame 12 may be formedfrom spaced, elongated members 12 b, 12 c, namely tubular members, suchas metal tubular members, that are each formed, such as by bending, intothree portions—with the first portions 12 d forming first section 20 offrame where the tubular members are parallel, the second portions 12 eforming the diverging portion of second section 22, and the thirdportions 12 f forming the parallel portion of second section 22.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, tubular members 12 b, 12 c are joinedtogether in their spaced relationship by foot-end and head-end weldments98 a and 98 b. Weldments 98 a and 98 b are joined to tubular members 12b, 12 c, such as by welding, to form frame 12 and provide mounts forfastening frame 12 to the floor of the emergency vehicle via fasteners(shown in reference to the bolt holders illustrated in FIGS. 23-27).Weldments 98 a, 98 b include generally upwardly extending U-shapedframes 28 a and 34 a with mounting flanges 29 a and 35 a, which mountweldments 98 a, 98 b to frame members 12 b, 12 c, for example, by welds.Weldments 98 a and 98 b are covered and enclosed by plastic covers 24 b,28 b, and 34 b (FIG. 1), which together form housing 24 a and bodies 28and 34 of mounts 24 and 26, respectively.

Weldments 98 a and 98 b may be directly mounted to the floor, forexample, via a floor plate in the floor. Thus, the surrounding framesmay be secured to the floor by attachment to the weldments 98 a and 98b, and without needing to be fastened directly to the floor. Additionalmechanical mechanisms, such as fasteners, however, can be added tosecure the surrounding frames to the floor directly. By directlyfastening the weldments (which provide the mounting structures for thelatch assemblies as described below) to the floor (e.g. to the floorplate of the floor), cot fastening system 10 is anchored and, therefore,strong where the greatest impact load will likely occur, namely at therestraint assemblies, and those impact loads will be transferreddirectly to the floor.

As noted above, latch 30 and catch 36 of restraint assemblies 14 and 16are mounted to frames 28 a, 34 a, respectively, by one or more fasteners30 a, 36 a (FIG. 6). Alternately, latch 30 and catch 36 may be securedby welding. Frames 28 a and 34 a are mounted to tubular members 12 b, 12c by mounting assemblies 28 c, 34 c (partially shown), respectively,which in the illustrated embodiment comprise brackets and fasteners.Alternately, frames 28 a and 34 a may be welded to tubular members 12 b,12 c, respectively. Similarly, frames 28 a and 34 a provide mounts forchannels 82, 82′, which form guide surfaces more fully described below.

In the illustrated embodiment, channels 82 and 82′ are mounted to frames28 a and 34 a by locating tabs 82 b and 82 b′ and fasteners 82 c and 82c′. Again, optionally, channels 82, 82′ may be welded to frames 28 a and34 a. Further, weldments 98 a and 98 b include through holes or openings28 a′ and 34 a′ (shown in FIG. 5) for receiving the fasteners (onlyplastic guide posts 28 d, 34 d that guide the fasteners are shown inFIG. 6—see FIG. 24 for an illustration of a fastener that maybe used toanchor the weldments to the floor) that secure frame 12 to the floor ofthe emergency vehicle. In the illustrated embodiment, there are twofasteners per weldment to secure the weldments to the floor, for exampleto a floor plate in the floor. For example, one or more of the fastenersmay comprise the fasteners described below, including fasteners thatengage a cleat in a floor plate or a quick release fastener that engagesthe floor plate directly. However, it should be understood that thenumber of fasteners may be adjusted.

Thus, the frame of cot fastening system 10 has a metal structureskeleton, which is covered by one or more plastic covers, which provideaesthetic functionality, as well as low wear surfaces.

As best seen in FIGS. 17-18, an antler anchor assembly 112 isillustrated. Referring to FIG. 18A, as noted, cot fastening system 10may be used in conjunction with an anchoring assembly, such as an antleranchor assembly 112, which is similar to antler anchoring assembly 95(shown in phantom in FIG. 1). Antler anchor assembly 112 may be alignedin cage 92 of cot fastening system 10, but not connected to frame 12 andinstead mounted to the floor, including the floor plate, as describedbelow. Alternately, antler anchor assembly 112 may be used alone.

Referring again to FIGS. 17-18, antler anchor assembly 112 is formedfrom tubular members 114, 116, and 118 that are arranged and joinedtogether to form a rigid frame 120 (FIG. 18) and provide attachmentlocations for securing a cot. For examples of suitable antler anchorassemblies reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 7,887,113, which iscommonly owned by Stryker Corporation of Kalamazoo, Mich., and isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Further, suitableantler anchor assemblies are available from Stryker Corporation ofKalamazoo, Mich.

In addition to tubular members 114, 116, and 118, antler anchor assembly112 includes two plates 122 (FIGS. 17 and 18), which join tubularmembers 114 with tubular member 116 and join the ends of tubular members114 together in a spaced parallel relationship. Further, plates 122provide attachment points for securing antler anchor assembly 112 inplace.

In the illustrated embodiment, antler anchor assembly 112 is mounted tothe floor of an emergency vehicle by way of a floor plate 130, which ismounted in the floor. Floor plate 130 is mounted in the floor of theemergency vehicle and includes a channel 132 that is recessed into thefloor. Antler anchor assembly 112 is releasably mounted to floor plate130 via one or more fasteners 134, which extend through plates 122 andinto channel 132 of floor plate 130.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 19A, in the illustrated embodiment, at leastone of the fasteners 134 comprises a quick release fastener 134 a, whichextends through plates 122 and into channel 132 of floor plate 130.Fastener 134 a includes a knob assembly 136 and a nut 138, to providethe quick release function described below. Nut 138 is configured sothat it can be inserted through the opening 130 a in floor plate 130into channel 132 and, further, to engage the floor plate 130 when it isrotated from its insertion orientation (FIG. 20) to its locked position(FIG. 22).

In the illustrated embodiment, nut 138 includes a top surface 138 a, abottom surface 138 b, and two opposed planar sides 138 c, 138 d thatextend from top surface 138 a to bottom surface 138 b. Sides 138 c, 138d are spaced so that they can pass through opening 130 a of floor plate130 when nut 138 is in its insertion orientation. Nut 138 also includesopposed sides 138 e and 138 f, which extend from top surface 138 a tobottom surface 138 b and between opposed sides 138 c and 138 d. Whilesides 138 c and 138 d are planar, sides 138 e and 138 f are non-planar,though they may have planar portions. Further, sides 138 e and 138 finclude angled or curved portions 138 g and 138 h on opposed ends fromeach other so that they can be rotated in a clockwise direction asviewed in FIGS. 20-21 without binding against the wall of channel 132but still provide a sufficient width to engage flanges 130 b (whichdefine opening 130 a into channel 132) of floor plate 130. In thismanner, nut 138 is not symmetrical—in other words, it is asymmetrical.

Referring again to FIG. 19A, knob assembly 136 includes a knob 136 a anda post 136 b about which knob 136 a is mounted and further keyed to sothat as knob 136 a is rotated so too is post 136 b. Nut 138 is mountedto a thread portion 136 c of post 136 b so that when nut 138 is alignedin channel 132 and rotated to its locked position (FIG. 22), rotation ofknob 136 a will cause nut 138 to engage and tighten against flange 130 bof floor plate 130.

Optionally, antler anchor assembly 112 is anchored to floor plate 130 byone quick release fastener 134 a that extends into channel 132 andengages floor plate 130, and one fastener 134 that does not include thenut 138, which instead extends into and engages a cleat 140 located infloor plate 130. However, antler anchor assembly 112 maybe secured usingmore than one quick release fastener.

In the illustrated embodiment cleat 140 includes a plurality of links140 a, which are coupled together, and a plurality of projections 140 b,which project outwardly and laterally from links 140 a. As will be morefully described below, projections 140 b are sized and arranged to allowcleat 140 to be inserted into the floor plate 130 but then to capturecleat 140 in floor plate 130 so that cleat may provide a mountingsurface for receiving fasteners 134.

As best seen in FIGS. 20-22, flange 130 b of floor plate 130 includes aplurality of notches 130 c, which are commensurate in size and spacingwith projections 140 b on cleat 140. In this manner, when cleat 140 islocated over floor plate 130 so that projections 140 b align withnotches 130 c, cleat 140 may be then inserted into channel 132. Onceinserted, at least a portion of cleat 140 may be moved just enough sothat the projections are no longer aligned with the notches 130 c ormoved to a region of floor plate 130 where flange 130 b no longerincludes notches 130 c to thereby capture the cleat in the floor plate.Thus, cleat 140 is movable relative to floor plate 130 and providesadjustability for the location of anchor assembly 112. Further, links140 a may include openings 140 c for receiving fasteners, such asfastener 134 (but as noted without the nut). To limit longitudinalmovement of cleat 140 along floor plate 130, washers (not shown), whichare commensurate in size with the space between two opposed notches 130c, may be mounted to one or more links 140 a via fasteners and locatedbetween a pair of opposed notches 130 c.

Further, as generally noted above, cot fastening system 10 may besecured to the floor via floor plate 130. For example, the head-endweldment 98 b may be mounted to floor plate 130 via two fasteners 134,which engage and secure weldment 98 b to cleat 140 or another cleatlocated in floor plate 130, while the foot end weldment 98 a may besecured to floor plate 130 directly via quick release fasteners 134 a.Thus, optionally, the anchor assembly 112 may be mounted to the samecleat 140 as cot fastening system 10.

Referring to FIG. 23, the numeral 210 designates a bolt holder that maybe used to hold one or more of the mounting fasteners 212 that securethe foot or head end weldment 98 a or 98 b to the floor of a compartmentof an emergency vehicle. As will be more fully described below, boltholders 210 are each configured so that they hold the fasteners 212 andoptionally their respective washers 212 a in place when cot fasteningsystem 10 is unfastened from the floor for adjustment, etc. By holdingthe fastener and, optionally, the washer when the weldment isrepositioned for securing to the floor, the fasteners and washers willremain with the weldment and, further, will be substantially aligned forlater engagement with the floor.

Referring again to FIG. 23, bolt holder 210 includes a cylindricalsleeve 216 that has a passageway 216 a with an inner diameter that issized to receive fastener 212. Further, sleeve 216 includes an upperannular flange 216 b, which retains the fastener in the sleeve so thatfastener 212 cannot pass through the open upper end of sleeve 216. Inaddition, the height of cylindrical sleeve 216 is optionally shorterthan the height of the fastener so that even when the fastener is fullydisengaged from the floor (F) and the weldment is moved or lifted up(e.g. when it is moved for adjustment) fastener 212 can remain in sleeve216 with its lower end still aligned in the opening in the weldment 98 aor 98 b. Thus, the fastener 212 is generally held in position so that itwill generally stay aligned in the openings in the weldment when theweldment is released from the floor so that they can be quickly alignedwith the openings in the floor when the weldment is realigned withanother set of mounting openings (typically there are two openings perweldment and multiple mounting openings in the floor).

In the illustrated embodiment, cylindrical sleeve 216 has a passageway216 a with a circular cross-section but it should be understood thatpassageway 216 a may have a multi-sided cross-section, such as a square,pentagon, hexagon, etc., provided that it is sized to generally maintainthe fastener in its vertical position within the sleeve.

As will be described below, sleeve 216 is configured to mount in therespective weldment. In the illustrated embodiment, bolt holder 210includes a pair of laterally or outwardly extending arms 218 a, 218 bthat extend laterally or outwardly from sleeve 216, which are adapted toengage the respective weldment (in the illustrated is case weldment 98a). Referring to FIG. 24, arms 218 a, 218 b each optionally include anengagement structure 220 a, 220 b for engaging a corresponding structure222 a, 222 b formed in weldment 98 a.

In the illustrated embodiment, engagement structures 220 a, 220 bcomprise detents 224 a, 224 b, respectfully, and the correspondingstructures 222 a, 222 b comprise recesses 226 a, 226 b formed in sides226 of weldment 98 a.

Further in the illustrated embodiment, engagement structures 220 a, 220b are provided on upwardly extending ends or portions 218 c, 218 d ofarms 218 a, 218 b. Arms 218 a, 218 b are sized to extend the full widthof the web 228 of weldment 98 a so that engagement structures 220 a, 220b are positioned to engage recesses 226 a, 226 b, which are located inthe upwardly extending opposed sides 226 of upwardly extending u-shapedframe 28 a that forms weldment 98 a.

As best seen in FIGS. 24, 25, and 26, detents 224 a, 224 b each have atapered portion 228 a, 228 b, that provide guide surfaces so that whenbolt holder 210 is pushed into weldment 98 a, tapered portion 228 a, 228b, which face the inner surfaces of sides 226 will urge ends 218 c, 218d inwardly so that ends 218 c, 218 d will act as plate springs andgenerate a spring force against sides 226. Once tapered portions 228 a,228 b move passed the upper edge of recesses 226 a, 226 b, ends 218 c,218 d will return to their undeflected state (where arms 218 a, 218 bare returned to their generally orthogonal orientation relative to thehorizontal portion of arms 218 a, 218 b (see FIG. 24) where detents 224a, 224 b are fully inserted into recesses 226 a, 226 b and essentiallylocked in place by their upwardly facing orthogonal edges 230 a, 230 b(FIG. 24). Thus, bolt holders 210 are configured to provide a snap-fitcoupling between them and the weldment.

In this manner, bolt holders 210 will remain attached to theirrespective weldment even when the weldment is no longer fastened to thefloor. By the same token, the fasteners supported in bolt holders 210will also remain coupled to the weldment and will remain aligned in therespective holes formed in the weldment.

As noted above, bolt holders 210 may also hold the washers of therespective fasteners. Referring to FIG. 24 again, as well as FIGS. 26and 27, each bolt holder 210 is configured to receive and hold thewasher 212 a of the respective fastener 212. In the illustratedembodiment, bolt holder 210 includes an annular recess 216 c at thelower end of cylindrical sleeve 216 about passageway 216 a, which issized to receive the washer 212 a of the respective fastener. Further,annular recess 216 c may be configured to hold the washer so that it tooremains with the weldment when the weldment is disengaged from the floorand moved. In the illustrated embodiment, annular recess 216 c mayinclude one or more inwardly projecting structures 216 d, such as ribsor the like, that provide a friction fit or snap fit when the washer isinserted into recess 216 c to thereby provide a friction or spring likeretention of washer 212 a in recess 216 c.

In this manner, with the washers 212 a held in recesses 216 c and withthe fasteners 212 held in sleeves 216, the orientation and position ofthe fasteners may remain substantially stable and aligned with respectto the through holes 28 a′ in web 228 of weldment 98 a.

Bolt holder 210 may be formed from a plastic, including reinforcedplastic, by injection or press molding so that the structures areintegrally formed together as a unitary member. Alternately, one or morecomponents may be assembled together as an assembly. Further, one ormore components may be formed from a metal or include a metal insert.

Although described as being secured between the sides of the weldment,the bolt holder may be configured to couple, such as by a snap-fitconnection or connections, to the web 228 of the weldment 98 a instead,or in addition to coupling to the sides of the weldment.

In this manner, the bolts and washers may be quickly unfastened from thefloor while still remaining with the product. Specifically, a user canloosen fasteners 212 from the threaded holes in the floor, remove thecot fastening system, then re-install the cot fastening system withoutneeding to align the fasteners and washers. This can help users inmultiple ways: 1) prevents the need to take on and off covers whenremoving/reinstalling the cot fastening system, 2) the opening in top ofbolt holder allows access to the bolt for easy removal of fastener witha hex wrench, and 3) prevents user from being able to misplace washersand bolts while the cot fastening system is removed from its fastenedlocation. The bolt holder also includes features to assist with productassembly, including flexible arms with snap features and “crush ribs” onthe bottom of the part that create a light press fit for the washer. Asnoted above, the crush ribs help hold the washer and fastener togetherwhile the cot fastening system is snapped into place.

While several forms of the invention have been shown and described,various alterations and changes can be made without departing from thespirit and broader aspects of the invention as defined in the appendedclaims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles ofpatent law including the doctrine of equivalents. For example, whileseveral components have been described as being formed from metal, andothers are described as being formed from plastic, the materialselection is provided as only exemplary and may be modified and includecomposite reinforced or composite materials. Further, while somecomponents are described as being joined by fasteners, the variouscomponents may be joined by welding or be integrally formed, forexample, by molding or casting or the like. Additionally, somecomponents are shown as being formed from a single component, but itshould be understood that they may be formed from an assembly ofcomponents, which are then joined together. Likewise, while somecomponents are shown or described as separate components, they may beformed as a single component. Additionally, while several references aremade to mounting of one or more components of the fastening system andanchoring assembly to the floor, it should be understood that thisincludes mounting to structures provided on or in the floor, includingthe floor plate described herein.

This disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes and should not beinterpreted as an exhaustive description of all embodiments of theinvention or to limit the scope of the claims to the specific elementsillustrated or described in connection with these embodiments. Forexample, and without limitation, any individual element(s) of thedescribed invention may be replaced by alternative elements that providesubstantially similar functionality or otherwise provide adequateoperation. This comprises, for example, presently known alternativeelements, such as those that might be currently known to one skilled inthe art, and alternative elements that may be developed in the future,such as those that one skilled in the art might, upon development,recognize as an alternative. Further, the disclosed embodiments comprisea plurality of features that are described in concert and that mightcooperatively provide a collection of benefits. Also, as noted above,the system of the present invention may be used on other pneumaticsystems. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to only thoseembodiments that include all of these features or that provide all ofthe stated benefits, except to the extent otherwise expressly set forthin the issued claims. Any reference to claim elements in the singular,for example, using the articles “a,” “an,” “the” or “said,” is not to beconstrued as limiting the element to the singular.

We claim:
 1. A cot fastening system for fastening a cot, the cot havinga foot end, a head end, a pair of head end wheels at the head end of thecot, a first cot attachment, and a second cot attachment, said cotfastening system comprising: a frame configured for mounting to a floorof an emergency vehicle, the frame having a longitudinal axis and aloading direction along said longitudinal axis; a first restraintassembly for coupling to the first cot attachment, said first restraintassembly mounted to said frame; a second restraint assembly for couplingto the second cot attachment, said second restraint assembly mounted tosaid frame; and a spring for biasing the cot in a direction opposed fromsaid loading direction of said frame to thereby apply a pre-load on atleast one of said first and second restraint assemblies.
 2. The cotfastening system according to claim 1, wherein one of said restraintassemblies comprises a latch, and said spring for biasing one of the cotattachments into engagement with said latch.
 3. The cot fastening systemaccording to claim 2, wherein said first restraint assembly comprisessaid latch, said latch comprising a foot end latch for latching onto thefirst cot attachment, and said spring for biasing the first cotattachment into engagement with said foot end latch.
 4. The cotfastening system according to claim 3, wherein said second restraintassembly includes said spring.
 5. The cot fastening system according toclaim 2, wherein one of said restraint assemblies comprises a pair ofspring biased arms for engaging one of the cot attachments.
 6. The cotfastening system according to claim 5, wherein each of said arms ispivotally mounted about a vertical axis.
 7. The cot fastening systemaccording to claim 2, further comprising a mount for mounting saidsecond restraint assembly to said frame, wherein said second restraintassembly includes a catch, and said mount comprises a guide surface forguiding the first cot attachment into alignment with said catch of saidsecond restraint assembly.
 8. A cot fastening system for fastening acot, the cot having a foot end, a head end, a pair of load wheels at thehead end of the cot, a head end cot attachment, a foot end cotattachment, and a safety bar, the pair of load wheels having a loadwheel spacing, and the load wheels being spaced a distance from the headend cot attachment, said system comprising: a frame configured formounting to a floor of an emergency vehicle, the frame having alongitudinal axis and a cot loading direction along said longitudinalaxis; a first restraint assembly for coupling to the foot end cotattachment of the cot, said first restraint assembly mounted to saidframe; a second restraint assembly for coupling to the head end cotattachment of the cot, said second restraint assembly mounted to saidframe; and a guide member extending between said first and secondrestraint assemblies and above said frame, said guide member for guidingthe safety bar and for maintaining the safety bar in a non-deployedposition while the cot is moved along the frame.
 9. The cot fasteningsystem according to claim 8, further comprising a first mount formounting said first restraint assembly to said frame, said first mounthaving a top surface, and said guide member having a top surfacegenerally coplanar with said top surface of said mount.
 10. A cotfastening system for fastening a cot, the cot having a foot end, a headend, a pair of head end wheels at the head end of the cot, a cotattachment, and a safety bar, said system comprising: a frame configuredfor mounting to a floor of an emergency vehicle, the frame having alongitudinal axis and a cot loading direction along said longitudinalaxis; a restraint assembly for coupling to the cot attachment, saidrestraint assembly mounted to said frame; and wherein said restraintassembly includes a pair of opposed arms, each arm comprising a firstend and a second end, each of said first ends being pivotally mountedabout a pivot axis, and each of said second ends having a bearingsurface for being engaged by the cot attachment, and said armsconfigured to prohibit the cot attachment from being released when thecot attachment applies a force on said arms.
 11. The cot fasteningsystem according to claim 10, wherein said arms are biased toward eachother by springs.
 12. The cot fastening system according to claim 10,wherein each of said second ends of said arms is pivotally mounted abouta pivot axis orthogonal to the cot loading direction, each second end ofeach respective arm comprising a hook, and each of said hooks providinga bearing surface aligned with and orthogonal to the pivot axis of therespective arm so that a pressure applied normal to the bearing surfacesof the hooks by the cot attachment will limit pivotal motion of the armsabout their pivot axes.
 13. The cot fastening system according to claim10, wherein the cot attachment comprises a first cot attachment and saidrestraint assembly comprise a first restraint assembly, said systemfurther comprising a second restraint assembly for engaging a second cotattachment.
 14. The cot fastening system according to claim 13, furthercomprising a spring for biasing the cot in a direction opposed from saidcot loading direction.
 15. The cot fastening system according to claim14, wherein said spring biases the first cot attachment toward saidfirst restraint assembly.
 16. The cot fastening system according toclaim 15, wherein said second restraint assembly includes said spring.17. The cot fastening system according to claim 16, wherein said secondrestraint assembly includes a second spring, said springs for absorbingimpact loads from the cot when the cot is loaded on to the frame andinto engagement with said restraint assemblies.
 18. The cot fasteningsystem according to claim 10, further comprising a release mechanism forselectively releasing said restraint assembly.
 19. The cot fasteningsystem according to claim 18, wherein said release mechanism includes anoverload spring to prevent said release mechanism from being overloaded.20. The cot fastening system according to claim 14, wherein said springcomprises a coil spring.